#Venetus A Paleographic Guide#
##Letter Forms##
| Letter | Example |
|---|---|
| alpha |
|
| beta |
|
| gamma |
|
| delta |
|
| epsilon |
|
| epsilon2 |
|
| epsilon3 |
|
| zeta |
|
| eta |
|
| theta |
|
| iota |
|
| kappa |
|
| lambda |
|
| mu |
|
| nu |
|
| xi |
|
| omicron |
|
| pi |
|
| rho |
|
| sigma |
|
| tau |
|
| upsilon |
|
| phi |
|
| chi |
|
| psi |
|
| omega |
|
##Ligatures##
When writing the text, many letters form ligatures in order to save space. Here are some common ones of the Venetus A.
| Letter | Example |
|---|---|
| alpha-chi |
|
| epsilon-epsilon |
|
| epsilon-iota |
|
| epsilon-nu |
|
| epsilon-omicron |
|
| epsilon-pi |
|
| epsilon-sigma |
|
| epsilon-sigma |
|
| epsilon-sigma |
|
| epsilon-tau-omicron |
|
| epsilon-upsilon |
|
| epsilon-chi |
|
| vu-tau-epsilon-sigma |
|
| omicron-sigma |
|
| pi-epsilon |
|
| pi-omicron |
|
| pi-tau |
|
| rho-iota |
|
| sigma-pi |
|
| sigma-sigma |
|
| sigma-tau-omicron |
|
| sigma-phi |
|
| tau-epsilon |
|
| tau-omicron |
|
| tau-omega |
|
##Abreviations##
###Morphological Endings###
| Letter | Example | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| alpha |
| |||
| alpha |
| |||
| alpha-iota |
| |||
| alpha-nu |
| |||
| alpha-sigma |
| |||
| epsilon-sigma |
| |||
| eta-nu |
| eta-sigma |
| |
| iota-nu |
| |||
| kappa-omicron-sigma |
| |||
| -μεν + ending |
| |||
| nu |
| |||
| omicron-iota-sigma |
| |||
| omicron-nu |
| |||
| omicron-sigma |
| |||
| omicron-sigma |
| |||
| omicron-upsilon-sigma |
| |||
| tau-alpha |
| |||
| omega |
| |||
| omega-nu |
| |||
| omega-sigma |
|
###Symbols###
Many words are abbreviated with symbols from which we can distinguish few or no letters.
| Word | Example | |
|---|---|---|
| γάρ |
| |
| δέ |
| |
| ἔστι |
| |
| καί |
| |
| ὅτι |
|
###Common Words###
Many words that were common in Byzantine liturgical texts are abbreviated. Usually you have the beginning and end of the word, with the middle letters omitted. Unlike the morphological endings, the abbreviation mark does not always indicate the same string of letters from word to word, so they are tagged as abbreviation in the mark up. Here are some of the common words you will find abbreviated in the Venetus A.
| Word | Example |
|---|---|
| ἄνθρωπος |
|
| υἱός |
|
| γράφει |
|
| εἶναι |
|
| ἠέλιος |
|
| θεός |
|
| λέγει |
|
| λόγος |
|
| μήτηρ |
|
| πατήρ |
|
| πόλις |
|
| φησι |
|
| χρόνος |
|
###Common Prepositions###
| Word | Example |
|---|---|
| ἀντί |
|
| διά τό |
|
| παρά |
|
| παρά τό |
|
| περί |
|
| περί |
|
| πρός |
|
| ὑπό |
|
